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J Sci Med Sport ; 16 : 65 — Recruitment of the deep cervical flexor muscles during a postural-correction exercise performed in sitting. Man Ther ; 12 : — DOI: Kibler , J. It occurs in a large number of injuries involving the shoulder joint and often is caused by injuries that result in the inhibition or disorganization of activation patterns in scapular stabilizing muscles. It may increase the functional deficit associated with shoulder injury by altering the normal scapular role during coupled scapulohumeral motions.
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Methods Citations. Results Citations. Figures, Tables, and Topics from this paper. Dyskinetic syndrome Pain Physical therapy exercises Shoulder Injuries Bone structure of scapula Classification Movement Deep necrosis of underlying tissues [deep third degree] with loss of a body part, of scapular region Protocols documentation.
Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. The results showed outcome measures in asymptomatic individuals. Two conflicting evidence44 for the efficacy of therapeutic exer- studies used an inclinometer to measure scapular upward cises on scapular position and motion.
However, the results rotation at different angles of arm elevation, 1 in asymp- of evaluated studies on the effectiveness of therapeutic tomatic individuals31 and 1 in SIS patients. Considering the fact that the motion. It is because some techniques, like Kibler mea- For example, Roddey et al36 reported a significant effect of surements, have shown challenging reliability. However, their study Furthermore, on the basis of this review, it is difficult to lacked allocation concealment, which is an extremely reach a conclusion as several variables and measurements important source of bias.
Among effects of exercise on scapular position and them, some studies measured all 6 scapular motions, motion. Therefore, ercise regimen of stretching and strengthening on scapular there was a lack of consistency between the evaluated position and motion.
The only changed scapular outcome variables in included studies so that the meta-analysis was measures were reduced scapular upward rotation and not included. McClure et al,28 in a 3D investigation of scapular strengthening exercises or just simple stretching workouts. The finding of significant effect on improving scapular dyskinesis.
Eval- this systematic review is in agreement with the previous uation of their study quality revealed that they did not systematic review that did not report a robust conclusion for control most sources of bias, which might directly affect the the efficacy of scapula-focused exercise on scapular kine- results. In another study by Hibberd et al,12 both strength- matics in individuals with SIS.
In a some studies reported improvement in all outcome more recent work, Worsley et al46 found that week measures, including pain disability and scapular scapula-oriented exercises could improve scapular upward kinematics,3,6,29,37,38,42,46 others observed reduced pain or rotation and posterior tilt in shoulder flexion and abduction, disability but no effects of exercise on scapular respectively.
They were not successful in covering many kinematics. Camargo et al6 Despite the fact that this review is the first review found that 4-week stretching and strengthening exercises evaluating RCTs in which effects of exercise on scapular could be effective in increasing scapular internal rotation kinematics were investigated, there are some limitations.
There was a significant increase in The participants in the included studies were both symp- scapular anterior tilt, which is not a desirable improvement tomatic SIS individuals and those asymptomatic individuals in scapular dyskinesis. Therefore, there was a kind of results is debatable as they did not control assessor blind- inconsistency between the evaluated participants. Second, ing, which is an extremely important source of bias.
Lin the methodologic heterogeneity, including various et al22 found no significant effect of strengthening exercise employed devices and measured variables of the included on scapular position and motion. Their study did not cover studies, limited our conducting a meta-analysis on outcome sources of bias except for the attrition and reporting data. Therefore, there Turgut et al42 reported significant increases in scapular is a need for future studies conducted using standard, external rotation, upward rotation, and posterior tilt after 8 consistent, and reliable techniques.
Finally, Rosa et al37 reported no significant effect of pectoralis Based on the results of this review, there is conflicting stretching on scapular kinematics. They did not control evidence for exercise therapy in improving scapular most sources of bias in their study. There were 10 studies in measurement techniques of scapular dyskinesis.
How- which individuals with SIS participated and effects of ex- ever, it seems that if scapula-oriented exercises were ercise on their pain and disability were evalu- employed, we could expect a significant improvement in ated. Furthermore, stretching effects of exercise on pain and disability regardless of the alone could not be effective in correcting scapular dys- type of exercise.
This is in line with a previous RCT by kinesis. Thus, future high-quality clinical trials are Bang and Deyle,2 who reported a significant decrease in warranted to investigate and to compare effects of pain after exercise and manual therapy in patients with scapula-oriented exercises on scapular position and impingement syndrome. In addition, Ludewig and Bor- motion.
It is types of exercise therapy, such as stretching, scapular- claimed that shortening of the surrounding connective tis- focused strengthening, and stabilization exercises, could sue of the shoulder may be one of the reasons for pain in reduce pain and disability in SIS patients.
Therefore, we SIS. However, to clearly know pattern. Therefore, it would be reasonable to assume which exercise is the most beneficial and how it affects that stretching exercise decreases pain and disability scapular position and motion, future studies with stan- indirectly by exercise-induced improved muscle dard, reliable, and valid measurement techniques are function.
Hence, strength- ening or stabilization exercise can logically reduce pain and disability in individuals with SIS by improving muscle Disclaimer strength. Although the results of this systematic review do not reveal any association between reduction in pain and This work was supported by the University of Social disability and improvement in scapular kinematics as Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Exercise therapy effects on scapular dyskinesis e35 analysis.
Semin Arthritis Rheum ; Effect of a 6- not received any financial payments or other benefits week strengthening program on shoulder and scapular-stabilizer from any commercial entity related to the subject of this strength and scapular kinematics in division I collegiate swimmers. J Sport Rehabil ; BMJ ;d Specific kinematics and asso- ciated muscle activation in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.
J Supplementary data to this article can be found online at Shoulder Elbow Surg ; Br J References Sports Med ; Is exercise effective for the management of subacromial Kibler WB, Sciascia A. Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis. Br J impingement syndrome and other soft tissue injuries of the shoulder? Sports Med ; Man Ther ; J Shoulder Elbow Surg ; Comparison of supervised exercise with and mse. Klawiter L. The effects of an exercise and Kinesiotape intervention on ment syndrome.
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